A system refers to a set of interconnected components that work together as a whole. These components can include living organisms, non-living factors, or processes. A system has inputs, processes, and outputs, and its behavior can be influenced by feedback loops (positive or negative).
Systems can be either closed (where no matter enters or leaves, but energy can flow) or open (where both matter and energy can be exchanged with the environment). Key concepts in understanding systems are:
- Systems Thinking – looking at how components interact and affect each other.
- Equilibrium – systems tend to find a state of balance unless disturbed.
- Feedback Mechanisms – processes that reinforce (positive feedback) or counteract (negative feedback) changes in a system.