Soil is a dynamic and essential component of terrestrial ecosystems, playing a key role in supporting plant life, cycling nutrients, and regulating environmental processes. In IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) Topic 5.1, we explore soil as a system with its own inputs, outputs, storages, and flows that influence its structure, composition, and function. This presentation delves into soil profiles, texture, transformations, and biodiversity, highlighting the crucial role of soil in biogeochemical cycles and carbon storage. Understanding these processes is fundamental for sustainable land management and conservation efforts.